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show that widespread fires occurred naturally at intervals ranging from 6 to 35 years in these forests.
Giant sequoias are adapted to periodic fire. Sequoia bark typically protects the trees against significant damage. At up to 18 inches (46 cm) thick and extremely fibrous, sequoia bark not only resists burning but also insulates the tree against fire's heat. Should fire penetrate the bark and scar the living tissue, new growth may heal the scar. However, giant sequoias experience many fires over their long lives, and may not keep up with healing over decades to centuries of fire scars. Thus, you will see blackened areas that extend from 1 to many feet up the height of older sequoias where fires scarred the tree many times.
Fire also prepares the bare, mineral soil required by sequoia seeds for germination. It burns off undergrowth and trees that compete for the abundant sunlight young sequoias require. The reproductive success of giant sequoias demands only that each tree produce one maturing offspring over its lifespan of several thousand years.

Sequoia Cones, Seeds, and Fire

The sequoia's cone-and-seed strategy evolved with fire. Sequoia cones retain their seeds – unlike other trees in their forest environs – in closed cones for perhaps 20 years. When fire burns through the forest the hot air dries out older cones. They open up and, within one to two weeks, begin to rain down their seeds loads onto fire-swept, bare soil.
The life story of the giant sequoia begins with a very small seed, the size of a grain of oatmeal – 91,000 sequoia seeds weigh just 1 pound! To germinate and survive, sequoia seeds must fall on the mineral soil left bare by fire – without it, seeds will not successfully grow into new sequoia seedlings. Both Douglas squirrels and cone-boring beetles can also release seeds, but if they don’t fall on bare soil cleared by fire, they cannot germinate.
Learn more about fire history in giant sequoia groves from tree-ring studies.

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Tycho Brahe (1580's) was astronomy's 1st true observer. He built the Danish Observatory (using sextant's since telescopes had not been invented yet) from which he measured positions of planets and stars to the highest degree of accuracy for that time period (1st modern database). A cosmic impact in what is now Chicxulub in Mexico dealt dinosaurs the final deathblow some 65 million years ago, say scientists who have fresh evidence supporting the case.